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Research paper in the "Journal of Water and Health"


First study on the water quality of "Holy" Springs worldwide, published in the Journal of Water and Health. "Holy" Springs are used as drinking water resources by many people despite not being controlled by national authorities. This study is the first that raises this problem and shows, that none of the 21 investigated "Holy" Springs meets the requirements of the Austrian Drinking Water Directive and the Austrian Codex alimentarius.

Kirschner, A.K.T., M. Atteneder, A. Schmidhuber, S. Knetsch, A.H. Farnleitner, R. Sommer (2012): Holy springs and holy water: underestimated sources of illness?Journal of Water & Health 10.3: 349-357



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is a Cooporation of:

Technische Universität Wien
Medizinische Universität Wien
Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften